Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes to Identify the Origin of Barapukuria Coal Mine Inflow Water, Northwestern Bangladesh

Research Article

Austin J Hydrol. 2016; 3(1): 1019.

Hydrochemistry and Environmental Isotopes to Identify the Origin of Barapukuria Coal Mine Inflow Water, Northwestern Bangladesh

Majumder RK1* and Shimada J2

1Nuclear Minerals Unit, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Bangladesh

2Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Japan

*Corresponding author: Majumder RK, Nuclear Minerals Unit, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh

Received: April 10, 2016; Accepted: May 23, 2016; Published: May 25, 2016

Abstract

Groundwater, coal mine inflow water, and river water samples were collected during November and December 2006 from the Barapukuria coal mine area in Dinajpur District, northwest Bangladesh. Groundwater samples were collected from existing shallow wells. All water samples were analysed for major ions, stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, and for tritium. High Electrical Conductance (EC) values, alkaline pH, and high temperature of collected coal mine inflow water signify a good hydraulic connectivity between the most fractured coal seam bearing Gondwana aquifers and the overlying Dupi Tila aquifers. Both groundwater and coal mine inflow water were dominantly of Na–Ca–HCO3 and Ca–Na–HCO3 type. The clustering of groundwater and coal mine inflow water samples along the Local Meteoric Water Line (LMWL) within narrow range indicates a common origin for the collected water samples, and thus indicates that the groundwater and coal mine inflow water originate from local rainfalls. The similarity between the average δ18O composition of groundwater and coal mine inflow water indicates that the groundwater percolates into the coal seam bearing Gondwana aquifers without changing recharging groundwater δ18O compositions. Both the groundwater and mine water tritium values were <1.0 TU, which could be considered as old water recharged prior to 1952. Finally, it can be concluded that the Barapukuria coal mine inflow water is of meteoric origin, which have been recharged within the aquifers prior to 1952 and there is connectivity between the shallow Dupi Tila aquifer and the coal seam bearing Gondwana aquifer.

Keywords: Groundwater; Coal mine water; Hydrochemistry; Environmental isotopes; Barapukuria

Introduction

Barapukuria is the first and only coal mine in Bangladesh and is sited on a subcropped asymmetrical synclinal deposit of Permian age Gondwana coal measures. The structure was first indicated by a negative gravity anomaly in oil and gas exploration initiated by the Geological Survey of Bangladesh (GSB) with seven surface boreholes. Within the structural limits of the coal basin, approximately 377 Mt coal in-situ has been quantified in the six coal seams that range in depth from 118 to 518 m below surface (Figure 1). Due to the synclinal nature of the deposit, the upper coal seams, designated I to V, occur over diminishing areal extent with decreasing depth. The principal seam of interest is the lowermost Seam VI, with a variable thickness across the deposit from 22 m in the northern part of the deposit to more than 42 m in the southern and eastern areas [1]. In 1994, the Bangladesh government signed a contract with the Chinese contractor CMC (China National Machinery Import and Export Corporation) for the development of Barapukuria coal mine by underground mining method [2]. The development of the Barapukuria coal mine commenced in 1996 with the construction of two vertical shafts. Coal production from Seam VI began in 2005 and has been continued at the present time. About 34 Mt of coal has been estimated as recoverable resources, utilising descensional multi-slice long wall mining [1].

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