Analytical Comparison of Cefadroxil Determination by Square Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric and Spectrophotometric Methods

Research Article

Austin J Anal Pharm Chem. 2022; 9(1): 1138.

Analytical Comparison of Cefadroxil Determination by Square Wave Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric and Spectrophotometric Methods

Atif S1, Baig JA1, Afridi HI1, Waris M1,2*, Asif W3, Naeem A1 and Sidhu AR1

¹Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan

²Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye Ankara, Turkey

²Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan

*Corresponding author: Muhammad Waris, Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey

Received: December 10, 2021; Accepted: January 18, 2022; Published: January 25, 2022

Abstract

The goal of this research is to verify the proposed nano-silver amalgam paste electrode (Ag-nano-SPE) method to compare with a spectrophotometric technique based on derivatization with potassium periodate (KIO4), 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine (DNP) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for the estimation of cefadroxil (CFDL) by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAV). The different parameters of both methods were optimized in detail separately and then compared their efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity and applications. The SWAV produced a reduction peak with a precise definition at -0.160 V while measuring CFDL in 0.04 molL-1 Britton–Robinson buffer at pH 4, accumulation potential (0.5 V), accumulation time (10 sec), and with stirring rate of 200 rpm. Whereas, the CFDL was measured at 515 nm (λmax) by UVVisible spectrophotometer after the derivatization by using 1.5 mL of 0.5 mM DNP, 1.5 mL of 6.52 mM KIO4 and 0.5 mL of 10 M NaOH solution at room temperature. The linear response for CFDL was found using the SWAV and spectrophotometric techniques along a linear dynamic range from 0.033 - 0.304 and 0.051 - 1.376 μM, respectively. However, the precision, detection limit and quantification limit of SWAV for CFDL in the samples and standards significantly lower (p <0.01) as compared to spectrophotometric method. This indicates that the SWAV is more sensitive and selective than the spectrophotometric technique for regular CFDL analysis.

Keywords: Cefadroxil; Silver nano amalgam paste electrode; Square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry; Spectrophotometric

Introduction

An antibiotic is a class of antimicrobial medicine, which is active against the infections of microorganism, prevention and treatment of bacterial infections [1]. These drugs are used to either kill or inhibit the growth of infective microorganisms in order to stop them from spreading throughout the body [2]. Penicillin is the first synthetic medicine invented by Alexander Fleming in 1928 for successful prevention and treatment of microbial infections [3]. Antibiotics are used to treat and prevent a variety of microbiological infections. Cephalosporins, is an effective class of antibiotics that have action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria [4]. Cefadroxil (CFDL) is a first-generation cephalosporin semi-synthetic β-lactam drug [5,6]. The in vitro studied indicated that its activity was very similar to cephalexin. The chemical structure of CFDL (Figure 1). It is effectively used for several infections triggered by micro-organisms including infections of central nervous system, genitourinary, gynecology, upper respiratory tract, urinary, post-surgical and skin [6,7]. It is frequently prescribed by doctors for the bacterial infections and readily available in market in different trade names in the forms of capsules, tablets, and powder for suspension. It is rapidly absorbed into the body fluids after its oral application (approximately within three hours) [8]. It is noticed that 10 to 20% of CFDL administrative dosage can be accumulated by the body fluids while rest of its dose excreted through urine [9]. The quality prevalence of CFDL for the sales and administration is highly considerable because of its composition which may have a great impact on its quality. The obtained data has a great importance for the composition of drug material and the development of analytical methods [10].