Low Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in Children Hospitalized for Acute Respiratory Infection in Burkina Faso

Research Article

J Bacteriol Mycol. 2019; 6(5): 1116.

Low Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in Children Hospitalized for Acute Respiratory Infection in Burkina Faso

Sanou AM1*, Wandaogo SCM1, Cissé A1, Sagna T1, Ouedraogo MS2, Hübschen JM3, Nacro B4, Snoeck CJ3 and Tarnagda Z1

1National Influenza Reference Laboratory, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso

2Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, Université Nazi BONI de Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

3Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg

4Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro Sanou, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (UFR/ SDS), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

*Corresponding author: Armel M. SANOU, National Influenza Reference Laboratory, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina-Faso

Received: October 26, 2019; Accepted: November 27, 2019; Published: December 04, 2019

Abstract

Background: Information about Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children with respiratory infections in Burkina Faso is unknown. To fill this gap, a hospital-based study investigated the prevalence of these atypical bacteria in Burkinabe children with Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI).

Methods: A total of 182 Nasopharyngeal Aspirate (NPA) collected in children hospitalized for SARI between January and December 2015 were tested for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia pneumoniae by real-time PCR. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded using a structured questionnaire.

Results: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae was detected each in 1.6% (3/182) samples. Co-infection with other respiratory viruses was found in 83.3% (5/6) of cases.

Conclusion: This study showed a low prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with SARI but confirm the circulation of these pathogens in Burkina Faso. A national surveillance is needed to determine the epidemiology of these atypical bacteria in Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs).

Keywords: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Chlamydia pneumoniae; Children; SARI; Burkina Faso

Bakground

Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) remains a major public health problem worldwide. It is the leading cause of childhood mortality in children under 5 years old especially in low-income countries [1]. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae are common causative agents of middle and severe respiratory infections [2,3]. Several aetiological studies reported the role of these atypical bacteria in children and adults population in Africa and elsewhere [4-8].

Being the second cause of health center’s consultation and hospitalization after malaria [9], ARI is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. Some rare studies [10-12] investigated the aetiology of ARI but very limited information is known about the role of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of Mycoplasma and Chlamydia pneumoniae in children with SARI in Burkina Faso by use of molecular techniques.

Methods

Study population

From January 2015 to December 2015, a hospital-based surveillance was carried out in two hospitals of Burkina Faso: the teaching hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso and the hospital of Bogodogo located in Ouagadougou. This surveillance enrolled children ≤ 5 years hospitalized for a clinical diagnosis of SARI. A SARI case was defined as “an acute respiratory infection with: history of fever or measured fever of ≥ 38°C; and cough; with onset within the last 10 days; and requires hospitalization” [13]. From each children, Nasopharyngeal Aspirates (NPA) were collected using sterile mucus extractors for NPA and placed into tubes containing Viral Transport Medium (Copan, Italy). And then, the samples were transported using the cold chain to the Virology laboratory of IRSS where they were directly aliquoted and stored at -80°C until nucleic acids extraction process. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire.

Laboratory analysis

From each sample, nucleic acid was extracted using QIAamp Viral RNA Mini kit (Qiagen, Venlo, The Netherlands) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Extracted nucleic acid were stored at –80°C before sending to the Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) for the molecular detection of respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae were detected using previously described real time PCRs [14, 15]. Primers and PCRs conditions are summarized in Table 1.

Citation: Sanou AM, Wandaogo SCM, Cissé A, Sagna T, Ouedraogo MS, Hübschen JM, et al. Low Prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae in Children Hospitalized for Acute Respiratory Infection in Burkina Faso. J Bacteriol Mycol. 2019; 6(5): 1116.