Amani S Awaad; Asmaa A Al-Rifai; Reham M El-Meligy; Ahmed M Alafeefy; Saleh I Alqasoumi

Review Article

Austin Chromatogr. 2014;1(4): 9.

Antiulcerogenic Activity of Convolvulus Species

Amani S Awaad¹*, Asmaa A Al-Rifai², Reham M El-Meligy², Ahmed M Alafeefy³ and Saleh I Alqasoumi⁴

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

²Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

³Department of Medicinal chemistry, Salman bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia

⁴Department of Pharmacognosy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author: Amani S Awaad, Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman bin, Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, KSA, Riyadh, P.O. Box 173, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia

Received: September 29, 2014; Accepted: November 13, 2014; Published: November 20, 2014

Abstract

Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most serious gastrointestinal disorders that affect large number of people worldwide and it considered one of the major causes of diseases in the world; because of that it occupies the main position in concern of researchers. The main aim of this article is to search for a safe drug from natural sources, to be used for treatment of ulcers without side effects. Several reports showed that a large number of medicinal plants from Convolvulus species possess antiulcer activity in addition to other activities.

Our goal is to collect and compare published data in the last 28 reviews concerning the natural products and the synthetic ones from Convolvulus species and other families in the treatment of this disease and other diseases; in addition a quick screening for phytochemical and biological activities of different Convolvulus species are reported.

Keywords: Antiulcerogenic activity; Convolvulus; Peptic ulcer; Natural products

Introduction

Family Convolvulaceae contains a large number of important plants which are used in treatment of various diseases elsewhere such as; headache, constipation, rheumatism, diabetes and skin infection [1]. Members of this family mainly contain phenolic, tropane alkaloids [2], flavanoids and coumarins [3].The largest genus of family Convolvulaceae is Convolvulus; it comprises 250 species present as trees, shrubs or herbs [4]. Many Convolvulus species are valuable ornamentals, medicinal and food crops [5]. They possess cytotoxic [6], antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities [3]. In addition they can be used in treatment of coughs and asthma [1].

Peptic ulcer is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal disorders in modern era. Now it has become a common global health problem affecting a large number of people worldwide and it still a major cause of illness and deaths [7]. There are different classes of drugs are used in the treatment of peptic ulcer, most of them exhibits serious side effects like; arrhythmias, gynaecomastia, arthralgia, hypergastrinemia [8], impotence, haemopoeitic changes [7], nausea, abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea [9].

Plant secondary metabolites have been in use for centuries to cure various ailments. The use of natural medicine in the treatment of peptic ulcer is an absolute requirement of our effort [10]. Traditional medicine has proved to be clinically effective and relatively less toxic than the existing drugs and also reduces the offensive factors serving as a tool in the prevention of peptic ulcer [11].

Plants with anti ulcerogenic activity were used either as row materials which obtained by extraction with various solvents or as individual isolated compounds. Many solvents have been used to extract active materials from plants such as; alcohol (ethanol or methanol), ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water [12].

Peptic ulcer is one of the most serious gastrointestinal disorders which occupy the main position in concern of researchers [13], it can be caused by many factors such as; stress [14], Helicobacter pylori [15], acid–pepsin secretion [16], nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [17], cigarettes [18], nutritional deficiencies [19] as well as alcohol [20]. It is a lesion in the gastrointestinal tract that usually occurs in the stomach and duodenum and is characterized by mucosal damage [21].

Natural anti-ulcer products

Peptic ulcer therapy has undergone many steps over the past few years and both herbal and synthetic drugs are now available offering newer and better options for treatment of peptic ulcer [8]. Many synthetic drugs have been used in the treatment of gastric ulcers such as; antiacids, anticholinergics, proton pump inhibitors and H2- receptor antagonists [22]. However, these drugs are expensive [21] and showed an incidence of relapses, drug interactions and side effects [23] thereby limiting their usefulness. The search for an ideal anti-ulcer drug with new and novel molecules has also been extended to herbal drugs and their isolated compounds as alternative ways for treatment of ulcers that afford better protection [24], clinically effective, possess good tolerability even in higher doses [25] and lack of side effects compared to synthetic drugs [26].

Recently, plant extracts are considered to be one of the most attractive sources for developing new drugs and have been shown immense potential results in the treatment of gastric ulcers [27,28]. The literature reported many medicinal plants with antiulcer activity which is used as row materials (obtained by extraction with solvents) or as individual isolated compounds [29]. Some plants and isolated compounds with antiulcerogenic activity are reported in (Table 1).

Table 1 (1of7): An overview of plants with anti-ulcerogenic activity.




  
    Plants
    Family
    Active Compounds
    References
  
  
    Abarema cochliacarpos
    Mimosaceae
    (+)-catechins
    Silva et al. [30]
  
  
    Acer tegmentosum
    Aceraceae
    Salidroside
    Yoo et al. [31]
  
  
    Achillea millefolium
    Asteraceae
    Total extract
    Cavalcanti et al. & Potrich et al. [32,33]
  
  
    Achyrocline satureoides
    Asteraceae
    3-O-methylquercetin and luteolin
    Santin et al. [22]
  
  
    Aegle marmelos
    Rutaceae
    Pyranocoumarin and luvangetin
    Goel et al. [34]
  
  
    Alchornea castaneaefolia
    Euphorbiaceae
    Total extract
    Hiruma-Lima et al. [35]
  
  
    Alhagi maurorum
    Leguminosae
    chrysoeriol-7-O-xylosoid and kaempferol-3-galactorhamnoside
    Awaad et al. [36]
  
  
    Allophylus serratus
    Sapindaceae
    quercetin 3-O-ß-D-glucouronide and quercetin    3-O-(2''-O-galloyl)-glucoside
    Dharmani et al. [37]
  
  
    Alpinia galangal
    Zingiberaceae
    1VS-1V-acetoxychavicol acetate and 1VS-1V-acetoxyeugenol acetate
    Matsuda et al. [38]
  
  
    Amomum subulatum
    Zingiberaceae
    Total extract
    Jafri et al. [39]
  
  
    Anacardium humile
    Anacardiaceae
    Total extract
    Luiz-Ferreira et al. [40]
  
  
    Anacardium occidentale
    Anacardiaceae
    Glycosylated quercetin and amentoflavone
    Konan et al. [41]
  
  
    Anogeissus latifolia
    Combretaceae
    Total extract
    Govindarajan et al. [42]
  
  
    Aparisthmium cordatum
    Euphorbiaceae
    Cordatin,furano-diterpene and aparisthman
    Hiruma-Lima et al. [43]
  
  
    Aralia elata
    Araliaceae
    Araloside
    Lee et al. [44]
  
  
    Araucaria araucana
    Araucariaceae
    imbricatolic acid, 15-hydroxyimbricatolal and 15-acetoxyimbricatolic    acid
    Schmeda-Hirschmann et al. [45]
  
  
    Argyreia speciosa
    Convolvulaceae
    Total extract
    Jaiswal et al. [46]
  
  
    Asparagus pubescens
    Liliaceae
    Total extract
    Nwafor et al. [47]
  
  
    Azadirachta indica
    Maliacea
    Total extract
    Raji et al. [48]
  
  
    Baccharis dracunculifolia
    Asteraceae
    ferulic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids
    Barros et al. [49]



Table 1 (1of7): An overview of plants with anti-ulcerogenic activity.

Table 1(2of7)




  
    Baccharis trimera
    Asteraceae
    Total extract
    Biondo et al. [50]
  
  
    Bambusa arundinacea
    Graminae
    Total extract
    Muniappan et al. [51]
  
  
    Bauhinia purpurea
    Fabaceae
    Total extract
    Zakaria et al. [52]
  
  
    Bauhinia racemosa
    Caesalpiniaceae
    Total extract
    Borikar et al. [53]
  
  
    Boswellia serrate
    Burseraceae
    Boswellic acids
    Singh et al. [54]
  
  
    Byrsonima crassa
    Malpighiaceae
    quercetin-3-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside,    quercetin-3-O-a-L-arabinopyranoside, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin
    Sannomiya et al. [55]
  
  
    Byrsonima japurensis
    Malpighiaceae
    Total extract
    Guilhon-Simplicio et al. [56]
  
  
    Calotropis procera
    Apocynaceae
    Total extract
    Bharti et al. [57]
  
  
    Campomanesia lineatifolia
    Myrtaceae
    Total extract
    Madalosso et al. [58]
  
  
    Campomanesia xanthocarpa
    Myrtaceae

    Total extract
    Markman et al. [59]
  
  
    Capsicumannuum
    Solanaceae
    Capsaicin
    Kanget al. [60]
  
  
    Cardiospermum halicacabum
    Sapindaceae
    Total extract
    Sheeba et al. [61]
  
  
    Casearia sylvestris
    Flacourtiaceae
    Total extract
    Esteves et al. [62]
  
  
    Cedrus deodara
    Pinaceae
    Total extract
    Kumar et al. [63]
  
  
    Centaurea helenioides
    Asteraceae
    grosheimin and cynaropicrin
    Yayli et al. [64]
  
  
    Centella asiatica
    Apiaceae
    Total extract
    Cheng et al.& Abdullah et al. [65,66]
  
  
    Cinnamomum tamala
    Lauraceae
    Total extract
    Eswaran et al. [67]



Table 1 (2of7)

Table 1 (3of7)




  
    Cissus sicyoides
    Vitaceae
    Total extract
    Ferreira et al. [68]
  
  
    Cissus quadrangularis
    Vitaceae
    Total extract
    Jainu et al.& Austin et al. [69,70]
  
  
    Citrus aurantium
    Rutaceae
    Limonene
    Moraes et al. [71]
  
  
    Citrus lemon
    Rutaceae
    limonene and ß-pinene
    Rozza et al. [72]
  
  
    Cocus nucifera
    Arecaceae
    Total extract
    Anosike & Obidoa et al. [73]
  
  
    Cordia verbenacea
    Boraginaceae
    Total extract
    Roldao et al. [74]
  
  
    Croton cajucara
    Euphoorbiaceae
    Total extract
    Almeida et al. & De Paula et al. [75,76]
  
  
    Cyclea peltata
    Menispermaceae
    Total extract
    Shine et al. [77]
  
  
    Cynanchum auriculatumand Cynanchum    bungei
    Asclepiadaceae
    Total extract
    Shan et al. [78]
  
  
    Da-illa rugosa Poiret
    Dilleniaceae
    Total extract
    Guaraldo et al. [79]
  
  
    Decalepis hamiltonii
    Asclepiadaceae
    Total extract
    Naik et al. [80
  
  
    Desmostachia bipinnata
    Gramineae
    trycinand trycin-7-glucoside
    Awaad et al. [81]
  
  
    Dioscorea oppositifolia
    dioscoreaceae
    Total extract
    Jhansirani et al. [82]
  
  
    Dodonaea viscosa
    Sapindaceae
    Total extract
    Arun et al. [83]
  
  
    Elettaria cardamomum
    Zingiberaceae
    Total extract
    Jamal et al. [84]
  
  
    Emblica officinalis
    Euphorbiaceae
    Total extract
    Sairam et al. [85]
  
  
    Enantiachlorantha
    Annonaceae
    7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxypalmatine
    Tan & Nyasse et al. [86]



Table 1 (3of7)

Table 1 (4of7)




  
    Eqiusetum palustre
    Equisetaceae
    kaempferol-3-O-1''-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-1'''-ß-D-glucopyranoside
    Gurbuz et al. & Yesilada et al. [87,88]
  
  
    Excoecaria agallocha
    Euphorbiaceae
    Total extract
    Thirunavukkarasu et al. [89]
  
  
    Fabiana imbricate
    Solanaceae
    11-hydroxy-4-amorphen-15-oic acid and Oleanolic acid
    Reyes et al. & Sanchez et al. [90,91]
  
  
    Ficus glomerata
    Moraceae
    Total extract
    Rao et al. [92]
  
  
    Ficus religiosa
    Moraceae
    Total extract
    Khan et al. [9]
  
  
    Galipea longiflora
    Rutaceae
    alkaloid extract and 2-phenylquinoline
    Zanatta et al. [93
  
  
    Garcinia kola
    Clusiaceae
    Kolaviron
    Olaleye et al. [94]
  
  
    Glycyrrhiza glabra
    Fabaceae
    Total extract
    Wittschier et al. [95]
  
  
    Guiera senegalensis
    Combretaceae
    1,3-digalloylquinic acid and 5-
      methyldihydroflavasperone
    Aniagu et al. [96]
  
  
    Hedyotis puberula
    Rubiaceae
    Total extract
    Joseph et al. [97]
  
  
    Hyptis martiusii
    Lamiaceae
    Total extract
    Caldas et al. [21]
  
  
    Hyptis spicigera
    Lamiaceae
    alpha-pinene, cineole and beta-pinene
    Takayama et al. [98]
  
  
    Jasminum grandiflorum
    Oleaceae
    Total extract
    Umamaheswari et al. [99]
  
  
    Jatropha isabelli
    Euphorbiaceae
    jatrophone, jatropholone A and B and 9ß,13a-dihydroxyisabellione
    Pertino et al. [100]
  
  
    Kielmeyera coriacea
    Guttiferae
    Total extract
    Goulart et al. [101]
  
  
    Lantana camara
    Verbenaceae
    Verbascoside and umuhengerin
    Sathish et al. [102]



Table 1 (4of7):

Table 1 (5of7)




  
    Lippia sidoides
    Verbenaceae
    Essential oil
    Monteiro et al. [103]
  
  
    Mangifera indica
    Anacardiaceae
    Total extract
    Lima et al. [104]
  
  
    Many plants
    -
    Total extract
    Atta et al. [105]
  
  
    Many plants
    -
    Total extract
    Dharmani & Palit et al. [106]
  
  
    Maytenus aquifolium, Sorocea    bomplandii and Zolernia ilicifolia
    Celastraceae, Moraceae and Fabaceae
    Total extract
    Gonzalez et al. [107]
  
  
    Maytenus ilicifolia
    Celastraceae
    friedelan-3ß-ol, friedelin and polygalacturonic acid
    Queiroga et al., Jorge et al., Baggio et al. & Cipriani et al.    [108-110]
  
  
    Maytenus robusta
    Celastraceae
    3,15-dioxo-21-a- hydroxyfriedelane
    Andrade et al. [111,112]
  
  
    Melanthera scandens
    Compositae
    Total extract
    Okokon et al. [113]
  
  
    Mentha piperita
    Lamiaceae
    Total extract
    Al-Mofleh et al. [114]
  
  
    Momordica charantia
    Cucurbitaceae
    Total extract
    Alam et al. [115]
  
  
    Morinda citrifolia
    Rubiaceae
    Total extract
    Mahattanadul et al. [116]
  
  
    Moringa oleifera
    Moringaceae
    Total extract
    Debnath et al. [117]
  
  
    Morus alba
    Moraaceae
    Total extract
    Abdulla et al. [118]
  
  
    Mouriri pusa
    Melastomataceae
    Total extract
    Vasconcelos et al. [119,120]
  
  
    Myristica malabarica
    Myristicaceae
    Malabaricone and omeprazole
    Banerjee et al. [121]



Table 1 (5of7)

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Citation: Awaad AS, Al-Rifai AA, El-Meligy RM, Alafeefy AM and Alqasoumi SI. Antiulcerogenic Activity of Convolvulus Species. Austin Chromatogr. 2014;1(4): 9. ISSN: 2379-7975

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*Ocimum sanctum*	Labiatae	Total extract	Dharmani et al. [122]
*Olax subscorpioidea*	Olacaeae	Total extract	Victoria et al. [123]
*Opuntia ficus indica*	Cactaceae	Total extract	Galati et al. & Alimi et al. [124,125]
*Oroxylum indicum*	Bignoniaceae	flavonoid glycosides	Babu et al. [126]
*Panax ginseng*	Araliaceae	Ginsenoside Rb1	Jeong et al. & Sun et al. [127,128]
*Papaver somniferum*	Papaveraceae	Morphine	Tazi-Saad et al. [129]
*Piper betel*	Piperaceae	phenol, allylpyrocatechol	Yadav et al. & Bhattacharya et al. [130,131]
*Plectranthus grandis*	Lamiaceae	Barbatusin, 3ß-hydroxy-3-deoxibarbatusin and diterpenes	Rodrigues et al. [132]
*Plinia edulis*	Myrtaceae	Total extract	Ishikawa et al. [133]
*Pradosia huberi*	Sapotaceae	Total extract	Kushima et al. [134]
*Prumnopitys andina*	Podocarpaceae	Ferruginol	Rodriguez et al. [135]
*Pteleopsis suberosa*	Combretaceae	Total extract	German et al. [136]
*Pterocarpus santalinus*	Fabaceae	Total extract	Narayan et al. [137]
*Qualea grandiflora*	Vochysiaceae	Total extract	Hiruma-Lima et al. [35]
*Quassia amara*	Simaroubaceae	Total extract	Garcia-Barrantes et al. [138]
*Raphinus sativus*	Cruciferae	Total extract	Devaraj et al. [139]
*Rhizophora mangle*	Rhizophoraceae	Total extract	Perera et al. & De-Faria et al. [19,140]
*Sapindus saponaria*	Sapindaceae	Total extract	Albiero et al. [141]
*Scoparia dulcis*	Scrophulariaceae	Total extract	Babincova et al. & Mesia-vel et al. [142,143]
*Scutellaria baicalensis*	Lamiaceae	Wogonin	Park et al. [144]
*Senecio candicans*	Asteraceae	Total extract	Lakshmanan et al. [145]
*Simaba ferruginea*	Patellidae	Canthin-6-one	Almeida et al. [146]
*Solanum aethiopicum*	Solanaceae	Total extract	Chioma et al. [147]

*Solanum nigrum*	Solanaceae	Total extract	Jainu et al. [148]
*Solidago chilensis*	Asteraceae	Solidagenone	Schmeda-Hirschmann et al. [149]
*Strychnos potatorum*	Loganiaceae	Total extract	Sanmugapriya et al. [150]
*Strychnos pseudoquina*	Loganiaceae	Total extract	Bonamin et al. [151]
*Syagrus oleracea*	Arecaceae	galactomannoglucan	Silva et al. [152]
*Terminalia arjuna*	Combretaceae	Total extract	Devi et al. [153]
*Terminalia belerica*	Combretaceae	gallic acid	Bhattacharya et al. [154]
*Terminalia pallida*	Combretaceae	Total extract	Gupta et al. [155]
*Trichosanthes cucumerina*	Cucurbitaceae	Total extract	Arawwawala et al. [156]
*Trigonella foenum-graecum*	Fabaceae	Total extract	Pandian et al. [157]
*Usnea longissima*	Parmeliaceae	Usnic acid	Odabasoglu et al. [158]
*Utleria salicifolia*	Periplocaceae	Total extract	Rao et al. [159]
*Vernonia polyanthes*	Compositae	Total extract	Barbastefano et al. [160]
*Virola surinamensis*	Myristicaceae	epicatechin	Hiruma-Lima et al. [161]
*Xylocarpus granatum*	Meliaceae	Total extract	Lakshmi et al. [162]
*Ya-hom*	many plants	Total extract	Suvitayavat et al. [163]
*Zanthoxylum rhoifolium*	Rutaceae	Total extract	Freitas et al. [164]
*Zingiber officinale*	Zingiberaceae	6-gingerol and 6-shogaol	Wang et al., Minaiyan et al. & Anosik et al. [165-167]
*Zizyphus lotus*	Rhamnaceae	Total extract	Wahida et al. [168]
*Zizyphus oenoplia*	Rhamnaceae	Total extract	Jadhav et al. [169]

Antiulcerogenic Activity of Convolvulus Species

Abstract

Introduction

Natural anti-ulcer products

Convoluvuls species

MEDLINE Search

Conclusion

References