The Ionization Technology of LC-MS, Advantages of APPI on Detection of PPCPs and Hormones

Review Article

Austin Chromatogr. 2015;2(2): 1032.

The Ionization Technology of LC-MS, Advantages of APPI on Detection of PPCPs and Hormones

Wang C*

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, USA

*Corresponding author:Wang C, Belzona Global, 14300 Northwest 60th Ave. Miami Lakes, FL 33014, USA

Received: April 01, 2015; Accepted: May 18, 2015; Published: May 25, 2015

Abstract

This short review introduces the basic components and mechanism of Atmospheric Pressure Photo ionization (APPI) and its application to detect Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and hormones in environmental samples.

Keywords: APPI; LC-MS; PPCPs and hormones

Introduction

Mass Spectrometry (MS) has been an ideal detector for Liquid Chromatography (LC) because of its sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy. MS was first couple with LC in 1970s, but until the invention of Atmospheric Pressure Ionization (API) in 1990s, MS becomes a widespread detector for LC. Nowadays, the two most widely used API for LC is Electro spray Ionization (ESI) and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI). ESI occurs in the liquid phase and its application is mainly on the polar compounds. While APCI occurs in the gas phase and can be employed to ionized less polar molecules. Atmospheric Pressure Photo ionization (APPI) is a relatively less popular ionization technology for LC-MS. Compared to the ESI and APCI, APPI is the last soft ionization technique that cans ionize less polar and nonpolar molecules which are poorly amenable to ESI and APCI. On the basis of the polarity and molecular weight of target compounds, the application of different ionization technology is shown in Figure 1.

Citation: Wang C. The Ionization Technology of LC-MS, Advantages of APPI on Detection of PPCPs and Hormones. Austin Chromatogr. 2015;2(2): 1032. ISSN: 2379-7975