Non-Syndromic Oligodontia: A Rare Case Report

Special Article - Pediatric Dentistry

Austin J Dent. 2017; 4(6): 1090.

Non-Syndromic Oligodontia: A Rare Case Report

Maganur PC*, Satish V, Panda S and Dayanand Saraswathi MC

Department of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia

*Corresponding author: Prabhadevi. C. Maganur, Department of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia

Received: August 14, 2017; Accepted: October 06, 2017; Published: October 25, 2017

Abstract

Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in humans, often presenting a significant clinical problem. In the literature, some terms are used to describe missing teeth like Oligodontia, Anodontia and Hypodontia. Oligodontia is defined as the developmental absence of six teeth or more, excluding third molars. Oligodontia has a low prevalence and is a very rare condition. This paper reports a 13-year-old female patient who presented oligodontia with absence of twelve permanent teeth.

Keywords: Agenesis; Anodontia; Hypodontia; Oligodontia; Oral abnormalities

Introduction

Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in humans, often presenting a significant clinical problem. Tooth agenesis is the failure of tooth bud development, causing definitive absence of the tooth. In most populations, Polder, et al. 2004, reported prevalence of permanent tooth agenesis, excluding third molars, varies from 2.2-10.1% [1].

Majority of cases, they are present with only one missing tooth [1]. Agenesis of more than two teeth occurs in approximately 1% of the population [1]. Dental anomalies can result from many factors, including genetics and environmental. Although defects in certain genes have the highest incidence, etiological events in prenatal and postnatal periods have also been blamed for anomalies in tooth number, dimension, morphology, position, and structure [2].

The purpose of this article is to report a rare case of congenitally missing multiple teeth and review of literature.

Case Presentation

A female patient aged 13 years reported to department of Pedodontics, College of Dentistry, Jizan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with a chief complaint of irregularly placed upper front teeth (Figure 1) and pain in upper right back tooth region. It was her first dental visit. Physical examination and extra oral findings were quite normal. Family history was normal. No other sibling had similar history. There was no past dental history; mother was unaware of presence of full set primary dentition. On clinical examination, patient had mixed dentition. 12 permanent teeth were clinically missing and were confirmed through OPG (Figure 2) and CBCT (Figure 3,4). Teeth present and congenital missing teeth have been illustrated in Table 1. Patient had Angle’s Class I molar relation. Primary right maxillary first molar (54) and primary mandibular left first molar (74) was grossly decayed. Both mandibular central primary incisors were showing mobility. Based on clinical and radiological examinations, the case was diagnosed as Non-syndromic oligodontia. The condition was explained to the patient. A multidisciplinary [Pedodontist, Prosthodontist and Orthodontist] approach was considered and treatment plan was decided. Extraction of primary right maxillary molar (54), primary left mandibular 1st molar (74) and mandibular primary central incisors (71,81) was done in the initial visit and the patient is under follow up for the further treatment. A follow up OPG was taken after 2 months (Figure 5).