Scientific and Technological Innovation and Public Awareness on the Control of a Major Epidemic of Complex and High-Risk Spreading Infectious Diseases

    

    

    Figure 1: (Source of chart: https://news.ifeng.com/c/special/7tPlDSzDgVk, March 1, 2020).
(Chart description: March 1, 2020, the national epidemic situation is real-time dynamic. The abscissa represents the date and the ordinate represents the number
of newly diagnosed, suspected, cured, and dead cases).
    

As can be seen from the chart, until March 1, 2020, the major epidemic of the COVID-19 infectious disease was effectively controlled. As a big country with huge influence in the world, China not only wants national security and stable development, but also promotes world-wide security and stable development. We should demonstrate exemplary role in national governance strategies for the prevention and control of high-risk spreading infectious diseases and contribute to sustainable development worldwide.

Applying Scientific and Technological Innovation to Overcome Major Epidemics of High-Risk Spreading Infectious Diseases

The concept of technological innovation comes from the innovative concept proposed by management scientist Schum Peter (JA) in the early 20^th century. He believes that “innovation is to establish a new production function, which is the recombination of production factors” [3]. Scientific and technological innovation means that science and technology have created new technologies on the basis of the original, and a new revolution has occurred in technology. New technologies have replaced old technologies. As a result, people’s productivity has been greatly improved, and the goals of human activities have been easier to achieve. Scientific and technological innovation is not only the primary productive force, but also an important factor that has changed people’s lives. In the 21^st century today, the world has entered a science and technology competition. Countries around the world regard technological innovation as an important strategy for developing the national economy, improving people’s living standards, and improving the status of the country. Today, countries around the world are engaged in fierce competition in the fields of information technology, biotechnology, space technology, national defense technology, medical technology, new materials technology, energy development technology, and so on. China’s General Secretary Xi Jinping proposed: “Science and technology innovation is a strategic support for improving social productivity and comprehensive national strength, and must be placed at the core of the country’s overall development” [4]. Science and technology innovation has become China’s longterm strategy to realize the dream of a strong country.

It is of great significance that we apply the strategic ideas of scientific and technological innovation to the control of major epidemics of high-risk spreading infectious diseases. The natural environment on which human beings live is complex and complicated. In fact, the history of human development is also a history of humans fighting against various diseases. From the historical development dating back to the past 6,000 years, it seems that humans have countless records of fighting against diseases. From these resistance records, the medical technology revolution led by scientific and technological innovation has enabled humanity to overcome disease again and again.

Since the European Renaissance, mankind has restored rational thinking, advocated the use of scientific methods and scientific experiments, and used scientific evidence to seek scientific truth. The scientific community has proposed that “knowledge is power”, the rapid development of human science and technology, and continuous technological innovation. From the development of medical technology in the world over the past century to today, every medical technology innovation can make a major breakthrough for human beings in fighting diseases. For example, in 1895, Roentgen discovered X-rays, innovating the perspective function of medical technology; in 1928, the German scientist Fleming discovered penicillin, which fought humans and bacteria for thousands of years and finally won; in 1956, the first The manufacture of an artificial heart has become a milestone in human medical technology. In 2000, the United States led the formation of the Human Genome Project to allow human medical technology to achieve epoch-making technological innovation. In 2020 of the world today, medical technology has reached the level of biomolecules. The global competition for medical technology innovation has been fully launched.

Medical science and technology innovation will inevitably cause a change in the paradigm of medical technology, and the change in the paradigm of technology will inevitably lead to a revolution in medical technology. Due to the wide range of medical technology applications and the close attention of people, it creates are very significant and have a great impact on human lifestyles and social activities. Therefore, medical science and technology innovation has a great effect on the development of human society. Countries around the world regard medical technology innovation as a long-term strategy for national development.

Judging from the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in 2020, this is the largest infectious disease prevention and control war since the founding of the People’s Republic of China. China’s economic growth, people’s lives and property, social stability, and quality of life have been greatly impacted and hurt. The human world, both in the past, now and in the future, will be plagued and harmed by the epidemic of major spreading infectious diseases. So from the longterm strategy of national governance, how should we face these major epidemic attacks? We must set scientific and reasonable response measures and management strategies.

From the recent history of human beings fighting major epidemic diseases of spreading infectious diseases: black death infection in Europe, Ebola virus infection in Africa, malaria virus infection, plague virus infection, smallpox virus infection and so on. Faced with the attack of these major infectious diseases, human medical technology has produced scientific and technological innovation and technological revolution. Humans produce antibiotics to fight the damage of bacteria, smallpox vaccines, and anti-malarial drugs. The virus is constantly mutating, and humans are producing endless drugs. Each time a major epidemic situation of a spreading infectious disease is controlled, scientific and technological innovations using medical technology can achieve a major breakthrough against infectious diseases, and save countless human lives. Therefore, scientific and technological innovation in medical technology is the core weapon against the major epidemic of infectious spreading diseases. It is the key factor to victory in a major epidemic and the simplest and most effective method. As long as medical technology is available to kill the infectious disease virus or prevent the spread of the infectious virus, a major epidemic can be effectively controlled. If we can use scientific and technological innovation in medical technology to combat the current major epidemic, then the entire social governance, national governance, and people’s lifestyles will be minimally affected. Effective medical technology innovation can save a lot of human, material, financial and operating capital in the country, and it can also maintain the country’s prosperity and stable development.

Scientific and technological innovation of medical technology is the key factor for mankind to overcome the major epidemic of proliferative infectious diseases. It should be regarded as a powerful weapon for national security and stable development worldwide, and as an important strategic measure for global sustainable development. Therefore, we must speed up the scientific and technological innovation research and development of medical technology and put it at the top of national security development. The world should pay close attention to R & D and applications in this regard. Judging from the current scientific and technological research and application of prevention and control of spreading infectious diseases, China’s investment in this area is not strong enough. We should increase national scientific research institutions in this field, increase scientific research personnel, increase investment in scientific research funding, strengthen international scientific research cooperation and exchanges, and increase research results rewards for scientific researchers. The state must place research on the prevention and control of proliferative infectious diseases into an important position in national scientific research and regard it as a long-term strategy for the stable and secure development of the country.

Public Awareness and Public Management of Major Epidemics

According to the major epidemic situation of China’s COVID-19 in 2020, there is currently no mature level of medical technology in the world that can cope with virus mutations and rapid infection and spread to harm human health and even endanger life. Faced with great harm to human life, human beings have caused great panic psychologically, severely affected people’s lives and work, and formed a special public awareness in the event of a major epidemic.

The so-called public awareness is: “A mass-based organization group forms common beliefs based on the same economic, cultural and custom, lifestyle, religion and other factors, and has the same or similar social, scientific, and moral issues. Common perceptions, and have the same or similar life ideas and ideal pursuits. Public awareness usually manifests as a collective psychology, and an organizational group with public awareness is regarded as a psychological group” [5].

The general public is facing a major epidemic of spreading infectious diseases in 2020, and their public understanding is: physically, they realize that their lives and health are seriously endangered, and they are even threatened with death. In terms of mainstream consciousness, there has been a cross-spreading of various officials and media information on major epidemic control and public awareness tends to be mainstream. In terms of public perception and choice, in the face of complex information and control measures, it is difficult to distinguish between right and wrong, and it is easy to appear blind or resist. With regard to the sensitivity of public perception, people are easily caught in the butterfly effect of being too sensitive to information. In terms of the dynamics of public perception, the public has fallen into a stage of psychological change that is extremely easy to change, and information and countermeasures for disease control will form a dynamic choice. In terms of the public’s awareness of sympathy, it is common for the public to show great sympathy for individuals in distress in the group. In terms of self-protection against public awareness, there is a high degree of vigilance and strong self-protection. In terms of the trust of individuals recognized by the general public, individuals in the group generally expressed fear of the other party being potentially infected with the virus, and the trust among individuals decreased.

Mass groups are not good at logical reasoning. Gustave Le Bon, a well-known French mass psychologist, believes: “We have proven that groups do not reason, and they accept ideas or reject them completely. The implications of their influence will completely conquer their understanding and make them inclined to turn into action immediately” [6]. The general public is logical about the major epidemic of spreading infectious diseases that are exceptionally difficult to control. Lack of thinking, fear and clutter transcended ordinary reason, and formed a special public perception.

We are faced with the fierce new crown virus pneumonia and the special public awareness of the disease. How can we respond to these idiosyncratic state governance crises with scientifically sound public management methods?

This requires us to use scientific and rational national governance methods to respond to these idiosyncratic national public crises, and to use scientific cognitive methods to balance and guide people’s special public awareness. Strengthen the dissemination and publicity of science, strengthen the popularization of scientific knowledge, strengthen the strength of scientific education, guide and lead the masses, unite, obey orders, and jointly defeat the major epidemic of spreading infectious diseases. We must use public management methods to respond to public awareness during a special period of a major epidemic. Scientific public management methods generally have methods of regulation and guidance. Regulation generally refers to “persistent and clear management and control of socially beneficial activities carried out by public institutions” [7]. Guiding measures for public management mean that state management agencies do not use mandatory means but use guidance, guidance, and hints , Education, and propaganda, etc.

In order to control the spread of major communicable diseases, we must implement practical management actions in terms of social management. But for the general public’s awareness, we should take a guided approach. Because the subject of public management is the public, the public awareness of the public has an important role in the prevention and control of the entire major epidemic. We not only need the people to cooperate with the implementation of management measures, but also need the people to obey the unified command of public management with practical actions. Only in this way can the public management achieve the maximum efficiency, finally achieve the management goals, and defeat the major epidemic of infectious diseases. Therefore, we must not adopt the means of regulation and control, and we should adopt a guided public management method. Efforts should be made to make people’s cognition have scientific cognition level, and try to eliminate people’s fear, anxiety, selfishness, resistance, sensitivity and other psychological phenomena.

The historical experience of national crisis management tells us that whenever people are in crisis, it is most easy for people to get lost. If the public receives asymmetric information from society, encounters opaque government information, hears false news from the media, etc., the public’s public understanding will easily enter a state of chaos. For example, from the major epidemic of the COVID-19 in 2020, people have also flocked to pharmacies to buy masks, packed supermarkets together, and packed pharmacies to buy Shuanghuanglian (TCM) oral solution. These large-scale crowds make it easier to spread infectious diseases and make it more difficult to prevent and control infectious diseases.

Therefore, modern national scientific public governance should use the current advanced technology of information dissemination, based on scientific knowledge publicity and dissemination agencies, to publish scientific knowledge of major epidemic prevention and control of spreading infectious diseases, scientific self-protection methods, and scientific life. Guidelines and health counseling. Vigorously improve the scientific cognition level of the people, allow the people to use the right methods to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases, and keep the public awareness of the people at a stable and healthy level. We need to use scientific methods to guide the general public, so that the broad masses of the people can unite and obey orders. Only in this way can we achieve group defense and group control, and maximize public management goals. In addition, the grassroots government: each township office, sub-district office, and neighborhood committee office shall conduct publicity and education on the prevention and control of infectious diseases among the people in its management area. Each unit conducts science popularization and teaching for the prevention and control of infectious diseases to its employees. We must let the general public strengthen their knowledge of the prevention and control of proliferative infectious diseases. Under the leadership of the central government, the entire population is united in one effort to prevent and control groups, and to use scientific and rational public awareness and public management methods to prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases.

Systematic Complexity and Countermeasures of Major Epidemic Prevention and Control of High-Risk Spreading Infectious Diseases

Judging from the control of SARS infectious diseases in China in 2003 and the control of the major epidemic of COVID-19 in 2020, the entire control management and action implementation is an operating mechanism of an engineering system. It has the characteristics of system complexity for large-scale engineering operations. These controls have a large scope and cover the whole of China; there are many affected people, and the Chinese people fight for the whole people; consume a lot of manpower, material and financial resources; directly affect medical care, technology, finance, services, transportation, tourism, food, education, etc. Numerous industries.

The control process of the new crown virus pneumonia epidemic has profoundly affected the normal life and communication of the people. It characterizes the complexity of the system.

System complexity is a concept in system science, and complexity is an important feature of system science. The system scientist Klir GJ described the system as “a system is a holistic combination of multiple elements or units that affect each other” [8]. Complexity represents the system the interconnectedness and diversity of the various elements makes it difficult to clearly describe the relationship between systems and elements. Klir GJ believes: “The elements of the complex performance system are interconnected. These connections are difficult to express clearly, and must be carefully understood and explored to truly understand” [9].

The prevention and control of major outbreaks of high-risk spreading infectious diseases have the chaotic characteristics of system complexity. The so-called chaos refers to the ambiguity and ambiguity in the complexity of the system, making it difficult to understand the true nature of things. “Chaos exhibits surprisingly complex and dynamic behaviors” [10]. The COVID-19 epidemic has exhibited chaos from the beginning to the present. At the beginning of the epidemic, whether the infectious disease has the possibility of being transmitted from person to person. This problem also caused experts to test and authenticate multiple times. It took more than two months to confirm that the new crown virus can pass from person to person. This chaotic state of system complexity has affected the entire major epidemic prevention and control campaign, missed the opportunity to control the source of infectious diseases, allowed the rapid spread of major epidemics, and plunged the country into a major dilemma of governance crisis.

How to deal with the chaos of this major epidemic?. We usually use contingency management methods. If the chaos before us becomes a key element in the development of things, we must attach great importance to it. We need to develop the corresponding management measures based on the worst results caused by chaos. For example, in the face of this outbreak of the new crown virus pneumonia infectious disease. When we have not confirmed whether the virus has the chaos phenomenon of human-to-human transmission, we assume it exists, and make corresponding management measures according to the status of this existence assumption. This way we will not miss important opportunities for prevention and control.

The dynamics of the system complexity of major epidemic prevention and control of high-risk spreading infectious diseases is another characteristic. This kind of dynamic performance is that the major epidemic situation system has different changes at different times, and the dynamic changes make it difficult for management measures to adapt. Changes in major epidemics are sometimes stable and sometimes radical. Judging from the epidemic situation of the COVID-19 infectious disease, the new cases have dynamic changes. Therefore, dynamic adjustments should also be made when mobilizing medical staff and reserving beds. In order to fit the strong dynamic changes of complex systems of major epidemics.

The dynamics of the complexity of the system for the prevention and control of major outbreaks of high-risk spreading infectious diseases are shown in the figure below (Statistics on March 1, 2020) [11] Figure 2.

    

    

    Figure 2: (Source of chart: https://news.ifeng.com/c/special/7tPlDSzDgVk, March 1, 2020).
(Chart description: March 1, 2020, the national epidemic situation is real-time dynamic. The abscissa represents the date and the ordinate represents the mortality
and cure rate).