The Bulky Dermoid Cyst of the Floor of the Mouth

Case Report

J Stem Cell Res Transplant. 2021; 8(1): 1037.

The Bulky Dermoid Cyst of the Floor of the Mouth

Sun Z4#, Yu H1,2#, Gao L1,2*, Guan H3, Guo H3, Qiu C1,2* and Chen H1,2*

1The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, China

2Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, China

3Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihaer Medical University, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, China

4The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao Military-Civil Integration Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China

#These Authors contributed equally to this work

*Corresponding author: Lei Gao, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Affiliated Qiqihar Hospital, Southern Medical University, Qiqihaer, Heilongjiang, China

Received: May 13, 2021; Accepted: June 04, 2021; Published: June 11, 2021

Abstract

Bulky dermoid cysts of the floor of the mouth are very rare and may induce functional disorder. We present a 68-year-old Chinese woman who presented a painless swelling in right mandibular. Physical examination revealed a painless, soft, poor mobility, doughlike mass swelling which was reached to the floor of the mouth, and MRI showed a circumscribed mass of about 20.0×10.0×12.0 cm size. After complete excision of the cyst through an extraoral approach, histology diagnosed dermoid cyst. Dermoid cyst is uncommon found in the floor of the mouth, where there is a soft, painless, associated dyspnea, dysphagia and dysarthria. Imaging may assist diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis is founded on the histology specimen. According to the location and size of the cyst on each occasion, enucleation via intraoral or extraoral approach will be chosen treatment for cyst in the floor of the mouth. Although malignant degeneration of dermoid cyst of the floor of mouth is extremely rare, there are also such a situation reports. Thus, it is important to remove a cyst before the opportunity for malignancy.

Keywords: Cyst; Dermoid cysts; Floor of the mouth

Introduction

Dermoid Cysts (DC) are benign congenital hamartomas of ectodermal origin that can found in any region of the body [1]. Research showed that nearly 7% occurred in the head and neck area [1], and only 6% are found laterally and present in the submandibular region [2]. A dermoid cyst is a benign neoplasm that is derived from both ectoderm and mesoderm [3]. The benign neoplasm is typically asymptomatic, huge, soft, slow-growing and painless, making clinical distinction difficult. To delineate the location, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the first choice for imaging evaluation. And the final diagnosis of a DC depends on histological investigation. We report the case of a patient with a dermoid cyst in the floor of the mouth and note the MRI findings. It appeared to the surgical excision is the treatment of choice.

Case Presentation

A 68-year-old Chinese woman referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First Hospital of Qiqihaer City with a chief complaint of a painless swelling in right mandibular (Figure 1). Forty years earlier, she had first noticed painless swelling in the right side of the neck, which was not associated with any pain or any discharges. Due to the swelling increased slowly, the patient neglected the examination at that time. Recently, the patient noticed that the swelling grew fast, which extended from the right submandibular region to the submental and the left region. No visible facial deformity was observed. Physical examination revealed a painless, soft, poor mobility, doughlike mass swelling which was reached to the floor of the mouth, below the root of the neck, around bilateral sternocleidomastoid zone. The overlying skin of the mass swelling and the colour of the oral mucosa appeared normal. There was no history of any previous operative procedure. No history of noisy breathing. No other abnormalities were detected in general examinations.